Unit 14: Macromolecules

40. The quaternary structure of a protein involves:

a) The sequence of amino acids
b) The folding of a single polypeptide
c) The interaction between multiple polypeptide chains
d) The formation of peptide bonds
Answer: c) The interaction between multiple polypeptide chains

41. Which of the following macromolecules contains phosphorus?

a) Carbohydrates
b) Lipids
c) Nucleic acids
d) Proteins
Answer: c) Nucleic acids

42. The process of breaking down glycogen into glucose is called:

a) Glycolysis
b) Glycogenolysis
c) Gluconeogenesis
d) Glycogenesis
Answer: b) Glycogenolysis

43. Which type of RNA carries the genetic code from DNA to the ribosome?

a) rRNA
b) tRNA
c) mRNA
d) sRNA
Answer: c) mRNA

44. Which macromolecule is the primary component of cell walls in fungi?

a) Cellulose
b) Chitin
c) Glycogen
d) Peptidoglycan
Answer: b) Chitin

45. Which of the following is a lipid-soluble vitamin?

a) Vitamin C
b) Vitamin B12
c) Vitamin D
d) Vitamin B6
Answer: c) Vitamin D

46. The bond formed between the glycerol and fatty acids in a lipid is called a:

a) Peptide bond
b) Glycosidic bond
c) Ester bond
d) Phosphodiester bond
Answer: c) Ester bond

47. Which of the following is a component of the plasma membrane?

a) Triglycerides
b) Phospholipids
c) Starch
d) Cellulose
Answer: b) Phospholipids

48. Hemoglobin is an example of a protein with a:

a) Primary structure
b) Secondary structure
c) Tertiary structure
d) Quaternary structure
Answer: d) Quaternary structure

49. The function of ribosomes in the cell is to:

a) Store genetic information
b) Synthesize proteins
c) Break down nutrients
d) Produce energy
Answer: b) Synthesize proteins

50. The sugar found in the backbone of DNA is:

a) Glucose
b) Ribose
c) Deoxyribose
d) Fructose
Answer: c) Deoxyribose