Q1. Fatima, a teacher in Peshawar, asks pupils to study a poem, discuss its values and write about what a good life means. Her lesson is rooted mainly in:

• (A) Idealism
• (B) Behaviourism
• (C) Technicalism
• (D) Reconstructionism

Q2. Which view holds that the physical world is real, knowable and the proper object of study?

• (A) Idealism
• (B) Realism
• (C) Perennialism
• (D) Existentialism

Q3. Bilal learns to repair a tap by trying, failing, adjusting and succeeding. A pragmatist would say his knowledge was proved by:

• (A) Its practical result
• (B) Its age
• (C) Its beauty alone
• (D) Its approval by elders only

Q4. A school keeps the same set of classic texts for twenty years, arguing that truth does not change with fashion. This is:

• (A) Progressivism
• (B) Pragmatism
• (C) Perennialism
• (D) Reconstructionism

Q5. Which is NOT an essentialist belief?

• (A) Schools should teach essential knowledge and skills
• (B) Teachers should hold authority in the classroom
• (C) Pupils’ whims should decide the whole curriculum
• (D) Hard work and discipline matter

Q6. A teacher in Quetta lets pupils choose a community problem, research it and propose solutions. This best illustrates:

• (A) Progressivism
• (B) Perennialism
• (C) Essentialism
• (D) Realism only

Q7. Reconstructionism would judge a curriculum mainly by whether it:

• (A) Helps solve real social problems
• (B) Is the oldest available
• (C) Uses the most expensive books
• (D) Avoids all controversy

Q8. Islamic philosophy of education links the pursuit of knowledge with:

• (A) Arrogance
• (B) Humility, ethics and service
• (C) Rejection of reason
• (D) Wealth alone

Q9. Match the thinker to the idea: John Dewey is most associated with:

• (A) Learning by doing and democratic experience
• (B) Fixed classic curriculum only
• (C) Mind-only reality
• (D) Behavioural conditioning only

Q10. A principal says, “We will teach core subjects rigorously, but also let pupils investigate local issues.” Her blend combines:

• (A) Essentialism and progressivism
• (B) Perennialism only
• (C) Reconstructionism only
• (D) No philosophy at all

Q11. A teacher rewards a class with extra library time whenever homework is complete for a week. The reward is intended to:

• (A) Decrease homework
• (B) Increase the desired behaviour
• (C) Punish the class
• (D) End all learning

Q12. A pupil understands a maths rule but cannot recall the steps a week later. A cognitivist teacher would most likely:

• (A) Repeat the rule once loudly
• (B) Use spaced practice, examples and retrieval
• (C) Remove maths from the timetable
• (D) Blame the pupil’s family

Q13. In a constructivist classroom, mistakes are treated mainly as:

• (A) Grounds for shame
• (B) Clues for revising understanding
• (C) Reasons to stop teaching
• (D) Proof of low ability

Q14. Ayesha practises English speaking because she enjoys conversation, not because of marks. Her motivation is:

• (A) Extrinsic
• (B) Intrinsic
• (C) Punitive
• (D) Accidental

Q15. A teacher breaks a long chapter into small steps, checks each step and gives hints when needed. This technique is called:

• (A) Labelling
• (B) Scaffolding
• (C) Streaming
• (D) Cramming

Q16. Two pupils in Faisalabad learn the same lesson at different speeds. A sound conclusion is that:

• (A) The slower pupil cannot learn
• (B) Pace varies and teaching should adapt
• (C) The faster pupil should be held back always
• (D) Both pupils need identical homework only

Q17. A pupil excels at drawing maps but struggles with essays. This suggests intelligence is:

• (A) Limited to writing
• (B) Shown in varied forms, such as spatial ability
• (C) Measured only by age
• (D) Unrelated to learning

Q18. A child who watches an older sibling read aloud and then tries to read herself is learning through:

• (A) Observation and modelling
• (B) Punishment
• (C) Sleep
• (D) Chance only

Q19. Which feedback is most helpful for learning?

• (A) “You are weak.”
• (B) “Your second paragraph is clear; add one example to support it.”
• (C) “No comment.”
• (D) “Others did better.”

Q20. Emotional development in schoolchildren is best supported by:

• (A) Safe relationships, clear routines and respect
• (B) Fear and public shaming
• (C) Ignoring feelings
• (D) Competition in every lesson

Q21. A new pupil learns school rules, the national anthem and how to work in a team. This is best called:

• (A) Privatization
• (B) Socialization
• (C) Specialization
• (D) Commercialization

Q22. A school invites parents from different trades to talk about their work. This helps pupils understand:

• (A) Social roles and occupations in society
• (B) Only examination topics
• (C) How to avoid work
• (D) One single career

Q23. Which practice most threatens equity in schooling?

• (A) Free textbooks for all
• (B) Admission based on wealth rather than merit or need
• (C) Trained teachers in every class
• (D) Safe transport for girls

Q24. A boy from a poor family becomes a doctor after a scholarship. This is an example of:

• (A) Social mobility
• (B) Social exclusion
• (C) Cultural loss
• (D) Privatization

Q25. Before colonial rule, much education in the subcontinent was provided through:

• (A) Modern state schools in every village
• (B) Madrasas, temples, and teacher-led centres
• (C) Online academies
• (D) Factory schools

Q26. A lasting colonial legacy in Pakistan is:

• (A) A focus on examinations and credentials over practical learning
• (B) Universal primary schooling
• (C) Free higher education for all
• (D) Strong vocational networks everywhere

Q27. After 1947, a major task for Pakistan was to create:

• (A) A national curriculum and teacher training system
• (B) A ban on girls’ education
• (C) Fewer schools
• (D) Dependence on one foreign board

Q28. A school in Sukkur teaches local Sindhi poetry alongside national subjects. This best shows:

• (A) Culture preserved and shared through schooling
• (B) Rejection of national identity
• (C) Privatization
• (D) Examination reform

Q29. A literacy programme helps farmers read market information and avoid cheating by middlemen. This shows education as:

• (A) A tool for empowerment and social change
• (B) A waste of time
• (C) A purely private good
• (D) A form of punishment

Q30. Which is NOT a way schools transmit culture?

• (A) Language teaching
• (B) Festivals and stories
• (C) Shared values and history
• (D) Banning all local languages

Q31. The ideology of Pakistan in education is most closely tied to:

• (A) The Two-Nation Theory and Islamic identity
• (B) A single regional language only
• (C) Rejection of democracy
• (D) Rule by a foreign power

Q32. A school that teaches honesty, tolerance and responsibility is pursuing which aim?

• (A) Sporting aim only
• (B) Commercial aim
• (C) Military aim
• (D) Moral aim

Q33. When schools supply trained workers for industry and agriculture, they serve the:

• (A) Cultural function only
• (B) Economic function
• (C) Recreational function
• (D) Religious function only

Q34. Article 25-A of the Constitution of Pakistan provides for:

• (A) No state duty for education
• (B) Paid primary education only
• (C) University education for all adults
• (D) Free and compulsory education for children aged 5 to 16

Q35. Early education commissions in Pakistan commonly recommended:

• (A) One teacher for a whole district
• (B) Closing primary schools
• (C) Ending female education
• (D) Expansion of primary education and teacher training

Q36. Five-year plans are relevant to teachers because they:

• (A) Choose school uniforms
• (B) Decide daily lesson plans
• (C) Mark examination papers
• (D) Set national targets for schools, teachers and enrolment

Q37. Which goal appears in almost every National Education Policy of Pakistan?

• (A) Banning science
• (B) Ending all private schools
• (C) Shortening childhood
• (D) Universal primary education

Q38. In the current system, higher secondary education normally covers classes:

• (A) 1 to 5
• (B) 6 to 8
• (C) 11 to 12
• (D) 13 to 14 only

Q39. A province announces free textbooks but delays delivery until mid-year. The main problem is:

• (A) Policy design only
• (B) Implementation and timely delivery
• (C) Pupil ability
• (D) Curriculum content

Q40. Devolution of education to provinces after 2010 mainly means provinces now:

• (A) Cannot set curricula
• (B) Have no education budget
• (C) Follow one district officer only
• (D) Make most school decisions and manage schools

Q41. In comparative education, a researcher compares Pakistan with South Korea. The first step should be to:

• (A) Assume both systems are the same
• (B) Rank schools by fees
• (C) Copy the richer system
• (D) Describe each system in its own context

Q42. South Korea’s rapid education progress is often linked to:

• (A) Banning textbooks
• (B) No examinations
• (C) Ignoring primary schools
• (D) High value placed on teachers and learning

Q43. Which set of factors most drives the large number of out-of-school children in Pakistan?

• (A) Higher pass rates in board examinations
• (B) Growth of private schooling in cities
• (C) More textbooks printed each year
• (D) Poverty, long distances to school, restrictive gender norms and conflict

Q44. A girl drops out after class 5 because the nearest middle school is 8 kilometres away. The key barrier is:

• (A) Her intelligence
• (B) Her age
• (C) Textbook difficulty
• (D) Distance and lack of transport

Q45. A school reports 95 percent passes but pupils cannot read a simple paragraph. This gap shows:

• (A) High quality
• (B) Strong curriculum
• (C) Excellent teaching
• (D) A learning crisis hidden by pass rates

Q46. To improve the curriculum, the most useful change is to:

• (A) Add more chapters
• (B) Increase memorised facts
• (C) Make textbooks longer
• (D) Focus on core concepts, skills and understanding

Q47. Teacher training fails when it is:

• (A) Practical and mentored
• (B) Assessed properly
• (C) Linked to subject knowledge
• (D) Purely theoretical with no classroom practice

Q48. An examination that only rewards memorised answers will push teachers to:

• (A) Teach thinking skills
• (B) Assess practical skills
• (C) Use group projects
• (D) Drill notes and guess papers

Q49. Growth of private schooling in Pakistan is driven mainly by:

• (A) Free private fees
• (B) A ban on public schools
• (C) Parental demand for perceived quality and English medium
• (D) Government closure of all schools

Q50. Technology in a low-resource school is most useful when it:

• (A) Requires expensive devices for all
• (B) Replaces teachers
• (C) Uses simple tools, such as radio, TV or shared tablets, for clear lessons
• (D) Is used without any plan

Q51. A dispute over medium of instruction often arises because parents want:

• (A) Only foreign teachers
• (B) No language at all
• (C) English for jobs, while children learn best first in a familiar language
• (D) Shorter school days

Q52. A school starts evening classes for working children. This supports:

• (A) Privatization
• (B) Exclusion
• (C) Access and inclusion
• (D) Examination pressure

Q53. Which is NOT a contemporary challenge for Pakistani education?

• (A) Teacher shortages in remote areas
• (B) Outdated assessment
• (C) Too many qualified teachers in every village
• (D) Curriculum overload

Q54. Education for citizenship should teach pupils to:

• (A) Obey blindly without thought
• (B) Avoid voting
• (C) Know rights and duties and take part responsibly
• (D) Ignore laws

Q55. A fair comparative conclusion about Pakistan and Finland is that Finland’s smaller classes and strong teacher training:

• (A) Can be copied exactly in Pakistan at once
• (B) Are irrelevant
• (C) Offer ideas that need local adaptation and funding
• (D) Prove Pakistan needs no reform

Q56. Merit-based teacher selection is threatened most by:

• (A) Transparent testing
• (B) Training programmes
• (C) Political interference and favouritism
• (D) Classroom observation

Q57. A school with a boundary wall, clean water and separate toilets for girls is more likely to:

• (A) Lose pupils
• (B) Raise fees automatically
• (C) Keep girls in school and improve attendance
• (D) Lower learning

Q58. Non-formal education is best for:

• (A) Pupils who want harder exams
• (B) Only university students
• (C) Learners who missed formal schooling and need flexible routes
• (D) Retired principals only

Q59. In Islamic education, seeking knowledge from the cradle to the grave means learning is:

• (A) Only for men
• (B) Limited to school
• (C) Lifelong
• (D) Only religious

Q60. A province improves enrolment but learning scores fall. The honest judgement is that:

• (A) The reform fully succeeded
• (B) Enrolment does not matter
• (C) Access improved but quality did not
• (D) Scores are irrelevant