Q1. Article 25-A says education shall be provided “in such manner as may be determined by law”. What does this phrase mainly require?

• (A) Schools to run without any law or regulation
• (B) Courts to run schools directly in every district
• (C) Legislatures to pass laws defining how it is implemented
• (D) Private schools to decide admission rules on their own

Q2. A 17-year-old student claims free education under Article 25-A. What is the correct position?

• (A) Outside the 5 to 16 range, though other laws or policies may help
• (B) Article 25-A covers learners of every age and at every level
• (C) Article 25-A covers education up to university level for everyone
• (D) Article 25-A applies if the student pays the school fee

Q3. What does “free” education mean for a child covered by Article 25-A?

• (A) Only the admission fee is waived, while other charges remain
• (B) Only the examination fee is waived for the child
• (C) The cost of a uniform counts as the school fee
• (D) The State should not place a fee barrier on the child’s education

Q4. What does “compulsory” education mean under Article 25-A?

• (A) Parents may keep children out of school without consequence
• (B) State and parents share a duty to ensure the child attends school
• (C) Schools may refuse admission to any child they choose
• (D) Schooling is optional for working children in rural areas

Q5. Why does it matter that Article 25-A is justiciable?

• (A) A citizen can approach a court if the State fails to provide it
• (B) It can only be debated in policy seminars and official reports
• (C) It provides no remedy when the guaranteed education is not met
• (D) It is only advisory for governments and their departments

Q6. How should Article 37-B be understood in comparison with Article 25-A?

• (A) It is enforceable in exactly the same way as Article 25-A, through the courts
• (B) A court can order free secondary education for every citizen at once
• (C) It is irrelevant to education policy and school planning
• (D) It guides policy towards literacy and secondary education, not directly enforceable

Q7. What secondary education goal does Article 37-B set?

• (A) Compulsory primary schooling in every province
• (B) Free and compulsory secondary education as soon as possible
• (C) Paid secondary education for all students and pupils
• (D) Free university education for all citizens of the country

Q8. An 8-year-old child is found working instead of attending school. What is the strongest constitutional response?

• (A) Wait until a new education policy is announced before taking action
• (B) Fine the parents and take no further step in the case
• (C) Enrol the child under Article 25-A and support continued attendance
• (D) Leave the matter to private charity and community organisations

Q9. Why may provincial free education laws differ in their procedures?

• (A) Such differences are unconstitutional in every case
• (B) Identical procedures are required in every province by law
• (C) A federal law overrides provincial education laws
• (D) Provinces may set their own procedures while meeting the guarantee

Q10. The Right to Free and Compulsory Education Act of 2012 applies to which territory?

• (A) Punjab
• (B) The Islamabad Capital Territory
• (C) Sindh
• (D) All provinces together, under one federal act

Q11. In which year was the Balochistan Compulsory Education Act passed?

• (A) 2017
• (B) 2013
• (C) 2014
• (D) 2012

Q12. Among the provincial free education laws, which one came latest?

• (A) The Khyber Pakhtunkhwa law of 2017
• (B) The Sindh law of 2013
• (C) The Punjab law of 2014
• (D) The Islamabad law of 2012

Q13. Why does the phrase “in such manner as may be determined by law” matter for schools in practice?

• (A) It allows schools to charge any fee they consider suitable
• (B) Laws define age proof, admission, duties and enforcement
• (C) It allows schools to refuse children freely at admission time
• (D) It centralises all schooling under the federal ministry in Islamabad

Q14. Taken together, what do Articles 25-A and 37-B show about the Constitution’s approach to schooling?

• (A) Only primary schooling matters in the constitutional scheme of things
• (B) Only secondary schooling matters for the State to provide
• (C) A primary-age right plus a goal of free secondary education
• (D) Only higher education matters for national progress and employment

Q15. What is the most appropriate action for a teacher who learns that a neighbourhood child aged nine is out of school?

• (A) Help identify the child, inform the school and support enrolment
• (B) Wait for the next enrolment drive before acting
• (C) Offer the child a place in an adult literacy circle
• (D) Advise the family to seek admission after a private course

Q16. What was the main structural change to education under the 18th Amendment of 2010?

• (A) A new constitution was adopted for the whole country
• (B) Education was federalised under central control
• (C) The Concurrent List was expanded to cover more subjects
• (D) Concurrent List abolished; education devolved to provinces

Q17. Before the 18th Amendment, why could both the federation and the provinces legislate on education?

• (A) Education was on the Concurrent Legislative List
• (B) Article 25-A required joint legislation
• (C) The Higher Education Commission ordered it
• (D) Boards of education required it

Q18. After devolution, which power does a province hold over its schools?

• (A) Ignoring the Constitution in school matters
• (B) Setting foreign policy for schools, colleges and universities
• (C) Designing curricula, managing schools and allocating its budget
• (D) Printing currency to fund schools and pay teachers’ salaries

Q19. Which of the following still falls mainly to the federation after devolution?

• (A) Hiring primary teachers in Punjab schools
• (B) Choosing textbooks for schools in Sindh province
• (C) Inspecting schools in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province
• (D) Higher education standards, federal areas and coordination

Q20. What is a recognised risk of devolving education to provinces?

• (A) Stronger central control over provincial classrooms and school decisions
• (B) Uneven provincial capacity, funds and staffing, causing uneven provision
• (C) The absence of provincial education laws, plans and trained staff
• (D) The closure of universities and colleges in the smaller provinces

Q21. What is a recognised benefit of devolving education?

• (A) Identical policies imposed on provinces with different needs
• (B) Longer delays while waiting for federal approval
• (C) Weaker accountability for learning results
• (D) Policies and decisions closer to local needs and conditions

Q22. What is the main purpose of inter-provincial coordination forums after devolution?

• (A) Coordination across provinces on standards and comparability
• (B) Running provincial primary schools directly from the federal ministry
• (C) Setting school fees in every province, district and town in the country
• (D) Examining every student in the country each year

Q23. Two provinces adopt different textbooks for the same grade. After devolution, how should this be judged?

• (A) It is illegal in every case, without any exception whatsoever
• (B) It violates federal authority automatically
• (C) Permissible provincial authority, exercised within legal limits
• (D) It must be banned by the courts without any delay

Q24. The federal government wants comparable national learning standards after devolution. What is the best approach?

• (A) Order provinces to adopt the shared standards without consultation
• (B) Consult and coordinate with provinces to agree shared standards
• (C) Abolish provincial education laws and replace them with central rules
• (D) Take over the management of provincial schools from their governments

Q25. Which level of government funds and manages most public primary schools today?

• (A) The federal ministry directly
• (B) The Higher Education Commission
• (C) Provincial and district education authorities
• (D) Boards of intermediate and secondary education

Q26. How are private schools treated after devolution?

• (A) They are completely unregulated by any authority
• (B) They are regulated under provincial laws and frameworks
• (C) They are controlled only by the federal ministry in every province
• (D) They are banned in all provinces by federal order

Q27. Which education article was newly inserted by the 18th Amendment?

• (A) Article 37-B, which already existed as a principle of policy
• (B) Article 38, which already existed
• (C) Article 29, which already existed
• (D) Article 25-A on free and compulsory education

Q28. After devolution, who mainly recruits and manages schoolteachers?

• (A) Provincial governments and their education departments
• (B) The Higher Education Commission for primary schools
• (C) The federal ministry for all provinces
• (D) Boards of intermediate and secondary education

Q29. What challenge does devolution create for comparing learning across provinces?

• (A) Too much uniformity in curricula, textbooks and assessment methods
• (B) Different curricula and assessments complicate national comparison
• (C) The absence of examinations in schools across all the provinces
• (D) The absence of reliable education data in every province

Q30. Which statement best describes the overall effect of the 18th Amendment on education?

• (A) The State’s duty to provide free education was removed entirely by devolution
• (B) The federation kept no role in education whatsoever
• (C) Provinces may provide education only if they choose to do so at all
• (D) The State’s duty remains; delivery is mainly provincial, federation coordinates

Q31. Which later policy had the longest stated time frame, running for more than a decade?

• (A) The 1998 policy, running from 1998 to 2010
• (B) The 1992 policy, with its shorter horizon
• (C) The 2009 policy, with its targets for 2015
• (D) The 2017 policy

Q32. Which policy is most associated with a deliberate push for private sector participation in education?

• (A) The 1979 policy
• (B) The 1998 policy
• (C) The 1992 policy
• (D) The 2017 policy

Q33. Which policy is most associated with mosque schools and mohallah schools?

• (A) The 1979 policy
• (B) The 2009 policy
• (C) The 2017 policy
• (D) The 1992 policy

Q34. Which policy gave early childhood education its strongest formal recognition as a first stage?

• (A) The 1979 policy
• (B) The 2009 policy
• (C) The 1992 policy
• (D) The 1998 policy

Q35. Which policy is most closely aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals for education?

• (A) The 1979 policy
• (B) The 1992 policy
• (C) The 1998 policy
• (D) The 2017 policy

Q36. Which policy is most associated with a proposal to raise education spending towards 7 percent of GDP?

• (A) The 1979 policy
• (B) The 1992 policy
• (C) The 2009 policy
• (D) The 2017 policy

Q37. How do the 1979 and 2017 policies compare on values?

• (A) The 1979 policy was secular, while the 2017 policy ignored values entirely
• (B) Both policies ignored character education in schools entirely
• (C) The 2017 policy abandoned all value education in schools
• (D) Both stressed values, but 2017 added global goals and inclusion

Q38. A district wants a long-term plan combining literacy, universal primary education and quality improvement. Which policy model fits best?

• (A) A short one-year plan with no targets or quality goals
• (B) The 1979 mosque-school idea for rural primary classes
• (C) The long-term framework of the 1998 policy
• (D) The 2017 research agenda for universities and colleges

Q39. A province wants to expand schooling for girls in rural areas. Which policy tradition should it draw on most?

• (A) The 1992 emphasis on expanding girls’ access
• (B) The 1979 mosque-school idea for rural primary classes
• (C) The 2009 early childhood emphasis for young children
• (D) The 2017 university research emphasis alone

Q40. A school introduces computer labs and skill-based projects to prepare students for modern work. Which policy emphasis does this best reflect?

• (A) The 1979 policy alone
• (B) The 2017 emphasis on information technology and skills
• (C) The 1992 push for private sector participation
• (D) The 1998 literacy drive alone

Q41. What is the correct chronological order of the later national education policies?

• (A) 1979, 1998, 1992, 2009, 2017
• (B) 1992, 1979, 2009, 1998, 2017
• (C) 1979, 1992, 1998, 2009, 2017
• (D) 1998, 1979, 2017, 1992, 2009

Q42. What most distinguishes the 2009 policy from the 1998 policy?

• (A) Mosque schools and mohallah schools in rural villages
• (B) Nationalisation of private schools and colleges
• (C) Alignment with the Sustainable Development Goals
• (D) Stronger early childhood, standards and financing targets

Q43. What most distinguishes the 2017 policy from the 2009 policy?

• (A) SDG framing, inclusion, technology and lifelong learning
• (B) Mosque schools and mohallah schools
• (C) Nationalisation of private schools and colleges
• (D) The Concurrent Legislative List before the 18th Amendment

Q44. How did the later policies from 1979 to 2017 differ from one another?

• (A) In whether they supported free and compulsory primary schooling in principle
• (B) In methods and emphases, such as ideology, private provision or global goals
• (C) In whether they treated literacy as a goal for national development
• (D) In whether they gave provincial governments any role in schooling

Q45. A policymaker notes that a policy’s targets were missed and concludes that policy documents alone change little. What is the best reasoning?

• (A) Future policies should set fewer, easier targets so that none are ever missed
• (B) Funding, capacity, monitoring and ownership matter as much as the text
• (C) The policy document should be rewritten in simpler language and reissued nationally
• (D) Responsibility for all school delivery should be transferred to the federal ministry

Q46. What is the most direct classroom implication of Article 25-A for a teacher?

• (A) Supporting enrolment, removing fee barriers and following up dropouts
• (B) Selecting children with the strongest prior attainment for school admission
• (C) Charging fees for extra classes, materials and after-school tuition
• (D) Focusing attention on children who already attend school regularly

Q47. What is the most direct classroom implication of the quality emphasis in later policies?

• (A) Rote learning and memorisation in every lesson and subject
• (B) Examinations as the main measure of school quality in every district
• (C) Larger classes with more pupils assigned to each teacher
• (D) Well-trained teachers, relevant curricula and supportive assessment

Q48. What did the 1947 conference recommend about the position of teachers?

• (A) Leaving teacher recruitment entirely to individual schools
• (B) Setting a single national salary scale for all government servants
• (C) Raising the status, training and pay of teachers
• (D) Appointing teachers through the federal civil service commission alone

Q49. What is the Sharif Commission of 1959 best known for?

• (A) Mosque schools and mohallah schools for rural children
• (B) The 2017 policy and its Sustainable Development Goals
• (C) The 2009 financing targets for education spending towards 7 percent
• (D) A comprehensive review of the system, its structure and quality

Q50. What most distinguishes the education policy of 1972 from the later policies of 1992 and 2009?

• (A) Mosque schools
• (B) Nationalisation of private educational institutions
• (C) Private sector participation
• (D) Alignment with the Sustainable Development Goals and Goal 4

Q51. What change does a pupil face when moving from the primary stage to the middle stage?

• (A) Subject specialist teachers instead of a single class teacher
• (B) Public board examinations at the end of every school term
• (C) A shift to university-style semester courses and credit hours
• (D) Transfer to a separate higher secondary college

Q52. In Pakistan’s school structure, which classes form the secondary stage?

• (A) Classes 6 to 8
• (B) Classes 11 to 12
• (C) Classes 9 to 10
• (D) Classes 1 to 5

Q53. What choice does the higher secondary stage mainly prepare a student to make?

• (A) Choosing a stream and a route into higher education or work
• (B) Choosing a primary school and a class teacher for younger siblings
• (C) Applying for a teaching post in a nearby primary school at once
• (D) Selecting a district posting for a civil service career

Q54. Why are education policies alone not enough to improve schooling?

• (A) There are too many policy documents, circulars and official guidelines
• (B) Teachers resist changes to classroom routines, duties and timetables
• (C) Funding, trained teachers, monitoring and ownership in delivery
• (D) Students show little interest in attending school regularly

Q55. What is the best indicator of progress towards Article 25-A?

• (A) The number of policy documents and circulars published each year
• (B) Out-of-school children enrolled and retained in school
• (C) School buildings constructed in each district and town
• (D) The number of private schools opened in each province

Q56. What does equity mean in the later education policies?

• (A) Schooling for urban children in large cities and towns
• (B) Fee-paying schools for families who can afford the full term charges
• (C) Merit selection for the highest-achieving pupils in every school class
• (D) Girls, rural and disadvantaged children, and children with disabilities

Q57. What does lifelong learning mean in the 2017 policy?

• (A) Schooling during childhood and adolescence, ending at school graduation
• (B) A university degree or a professional diploma qualification
• (C) Learning beyond school and throughout life, in literacy and skills
• (D) Examinations and certificates awarded at each stage of formal schooling

Q58. How can education promote national cohesion while respecting provincial diversity?

• (A) Banning all languages except one in schools and colleges
• (B) Shared values, tolerance and national identity alongside diversity
• (C) Banning separate provincial curricula by order of the central government
• (D) Using central textbooks in every subject, class and province

Q59. Taken together, what do the Constitution and later policies mean for education in Pakistan today?

• (A) The federation runs every school in the country directly
• (B) Policy targets replace constitutional law
• (C) Free education means that schooling is optional for families
• (D) A constitutional duty, policy targets and mainly provincial delivery

Q60. What is a teacher’s professional duty within this constitutional and policy system?

• (A) Upholding access, quality and inclusion so every child can learn
• (B) Following the policy text closely, without concern for the children
• (C) Preparing the highest-achieving students for board examinations
• (D) Collecting fees from families for admission and materials