AP Physics C: Electricity and Magnetism Practice Test 16 – 60 Questions with Answers
Test yourself with 60 original AP Physics C: Electricity and Magnetism practice questions covering all 6 units of the course: electric charges, fields, and Gauss’s law, electric potential, conductors and capacitors, electric circuits, magnetic fields and electromagnetism, and electromagnetic induction. Every answer includes the full working. All questions are calculus-based.
Unit 8: Electric Charges, Fields, and Gauss’s Law
Q1. Two point charges carry charges of 10 μC and 2 μC and are held 0.1 m apart in air. What is the magnitude of the electrostatic force between them?
- (A) 36 N
- (B) 9 N
- (C) 27 N
- (D) 18 N
Show Answer
Answer: D – Using Coulomb’s law, F = kq1q2/r² = (9.00×109)(10×10-6)(2×10-6)/(0.1)² = 18 N.
Q2. A point charge of 6 μC is fixed in vacuum. What is the magnitude of the electric field at a point 0.8 m from the charge?
- (A) 84.4 kN/C
- (B) 169 kN/C
- (C) 42.2 kN/C
- (D) 127 kN/C
Show Answer
Answer: A – E = kQ/r² = (9.00×109)(6×10-6)/(0.8)² = 8.44×104 N/C = 84.4 kN/C.
Q3. A closed Gaussian surface encloses a net charge of 4 nC. What is the net electric flux through the surface?
- (A) 904 N·m²/C
- (B) 226 N·m²/C
- (C) 678 N·m²/C
- (D) 452 N·m²/C
Show Answer
Answer: D – By Gauss’s law, Φ = Qenc/ε0 = (4×10-9)/(8.85×10-12) = 452 N·m²/C.
Q4. An infinitely long straight wire carries a uniform linear charge density of 0.4 μC/m. What is the magnitude of the electric field at a perpendicular distance of 0.3 m from the wire?
- (A) 48 kN/C
- (B) 12 kN/C
- (C) 36 kN/C
- (D) 24 kN/C
Show Answer
Answer: D – For an infinite line, E = 2kλ/r = 2(9.00×109)(0.4×10-6)/(0.3) = 24 kN/C.
Q5. A very large flat sheet carries a uniform surface charge density of 4 μC/m². What is the magnitude of the electric field just outside the sheet?
- (A) 452 kN/C
- (B) 226 kN/C
- (C) 113 kN/C
- (D) 339 kN/C
Show Answer
Answer: B – For an infinite sheet, E = σ/(2ε0) = (4×10-6)/(2×8.85×10-12) = 226 kN/C.
Q6. A solid insulating sphere of radius 0.25 m carries a total charge of 3 μC uniformly distributed through its volume. What is the magnitude of the electric field at a distance of 0.15 m from its centre?
- (A) 518 kN/C
- (B) 130 kN/C
- (C) 259 kN/C
- (D) 389 kN/C
Show Answer
Answer: C – Inside a uniformly charged solid sphere, Gauss’s law gives E = kQr/R³ = (9.00×109)(3×10-6)(0.15)/(0.25)³ = 259 kN/C.
Q7. A thin spherical shell of radius 0.25 m carries a total charge of 2 μC uniformly on its surface. What is the magnitude of the electric field at a distance of 0.6 m from the centre of the shell?
- (A) 100 kN/C
- (B) 25 kN/C
- (C) 75 kN/C
- (D) 50 kN/C
Show Answer
Answer: D – Outside the shell the field is that of a point charge at the centre: E = kQ/r² = (9.00×109)(2×10-6)/(0.6)² = 50 kN/C.
Q8. A thin rod of length 0.5 m carries a total charge of 4 μC uniformly along its length. Using integration, what is the magnitude of the electric field at a point on the rod’s axis at a distance of 0.1 m from its nearer end?
- (A) 1.2×103 kN/C
- (B) 600 kN/C
- (C) 300 kN/C
- (D) 900 kN/C
Show Answer
Answer: B – Integrating dE = kλdx/x² from x = 0.1 m to 0.6 m gives E = kQ/[a(a + L)] = (9.00×109)(4×10-6)/[(0.1)(0.6)] = 600 kN/C.
Q9. A thin ring of radius 0.15 m carries a total charge of 2 μC uniformly around its circumference. What is the magnitude of the electric field on the ring’s axis at a distance of 0.5 m from its centre?
- (A) 127 kN/C
- (B) 63.3 kN/C
- (C) 31.6 kN/C
- (D) 94.9 kN/C
Show Answer
Answer: B – On the axis, E = kQz/(z² + R²)3/2 = (9.00×109)(2×10-6)(0.5)/(0.5² + 0.15²)3/2 = 63.3 kN/C.
Q10. An electric dipole consists of charges of +4 μC and -4 μC separated by 0.08 m. What is the approximate magnitude of the electric field on the dipole axis at a distance of 0.4 m from its centre, where the distance is much larger than the separation?
- (A) 90 kN/C
- (B) 180 kN/C
- (C) 45 kN/C
- (D) 135 kN/C
Show Answer
Answer: A – On the axis far from a dipole, E ≈ 2kp/r³ with p = qd = (4×10-6)(0.08) C·m, giving E = 90 kN/C.
Q11. A closed surface encloses a dipole consisting of equal and opposite charges, with no other charge inside. What is the net electric flux through the surface, and why?
- (A) Zero, because the enclosed net charge is zero
- (B) Zero, because the field is zero everywhere on the surface
- (C) Non-zero, because each charge produces flux
- (D) Non-zero, because the dipole field never cancels
Show Answer
Answer: A – Gauss’s law gives Φ = Qenc/ε0. The dipole contributes +q and -q, so Qenc = 0 and the net flux is zero, even though the field on the surface is not zero.
Q12. Two positive point charges of 3 μC and 1 μC lie on the x-axis. A point P lies on the same axis beyond both charges, 0.6 m from the first charge and 0.3 m from the second charge. What is the magnitude of the net electric field at P?
- (A) 175 kN/C
- (B) 350 kN/C
- (C) 87.5 kN/C
- (D) 262 kN/C
Show Answer
Answer: A – Both fields point away from their charges, in the same direction at P, so E = kq1/r1² + kq2/r2² = 175 kN/C.
Unit 9: Electric Potential
Q13. A point charge of 5 μC is fixed in vacuum. What is the electric potential at a distance of 0.4 m from the charge, taking the potential at infinity to be zero?
- (A) 225 kV
- (B) 56.2 kV
- (C) 112 kV
- (D) 169 kV
Show Answer
Answer: C – V = kQ/r = (9.00×109)(5×10-6)/(0.4) = 112 kV.
Q14. Two point charges of 2 μC and 6 μC are held 0.2 m apart. What is the electric potential energy of this pair, taking zero energy at infinite separation?
- (A) 1.08 J
- (B) 0.27 J
- (C) 0.54 J
- (D) 0.81 J
Show Answer
Answer: C – U = kq1q2/r = (9.00×109)(2×10-6)(6×10-6)/(0.2) = 0.54 J.
Q15. A thin ring of radius 0.2 m carries a total charge of 5 μC uniformly around its circumference. What is the electric potential on the ring’s axis at a distance of 0.4 m from its centre?
- (A) 201 kV
- (B) 50.3 kV
- (C) 101 kV
- (D) 151 kV
Show Answer
Answer: C – Every element of charge is at the same distance √(z² + R²) from the point, so V = kQ/√(z² + R²) = 101 kV.
Q16. A thin rod of length 0.5 m carries a uniform linear charge density of 1 μC/m. By integrating the contributions of its charge elements, what is the electric potential at a point on the rod’s axis 0.2 m from its nearer end, with zero potential at infinity?
- (A) 22.5 kV
- (B) 11.3 kV
- (C) 5.64 kV
- (D) 16.9 kV
Show Answer
Answer: B – V = ∪kλdx/x = kλ ln[(a + L)/a] = (9.00×109)(1×10-6) ln(0.7/0.2) = 11.3 kV.
Q17. A uniform electric field of 400 N/C points in the +x direction. A charge is moved 0.1 m in the +x direction. By how much does the electric potential change?
- (A) 40 V
- (B) -80 V
- (C) -20 V
- (D) -40 V
Show Answer
Answer: D – ΔV = -EΔx = -(400)(0.1) = -40 V. The potential falls in the direction of the field.
Q18. The electric potential along the x-axis is V(x) = 50x² + 20x volts, where x is in metres. What is the x-component of the electric field at x = 2 m?
- (A) 220 V/m
- (B) -440 V/m
- (C) -220 V/m
- (D) -110 V/m
Show Answer
Answer: C – Ex = -dV/dx = -(100x + 20). At x = 2 m this gives Ex = -220 V/m.
Q19. A charge of 3 μC is moved through a potential increase of 5000 V by an external agent at constant speed. How much work does the external agent do?
- (A) 15 mJ
- (B) 30 mJ
- (C) 7.5 mJ
- (D) 22.5 mJ
Show Answer
Answer: A – W = qΔV = (3×10-6)(5000) = 15 mJ.
Q20. A conducting sphere of radius 0.3 m carries a total charge of 1 μC. What is the electric potential at the surface of the sphere, with zero potential at infinity?
- (A) 60 kV
- (B) 30 kV
- (C) 15 kV
- (D) 45 kV
Show Answer
Answer: B – Outside a charged sphere V = kQ/r, so at the surface V = kQ/R = (9.00×109)(1×10-6)/(0.3) = 30 kV.
Q21. At a certain point in space the electric potential is zero. Which statement about the electric field at that point is necessarily correct?
- (A) The field may be zero or non-zero; zero potential does not fix the field
- (B) The field must be zero
- (C) The field must be at its maximum value
- (D) The field must point toward the point
Show Answer
Answer: A – Potential is defined up to an additive constant and depends on the reference point, while the field is the negative gradient of the potential. A single point of zero potential says nothing by itself about the gradient there.
Unit 10: Conductors and Capacitors
Q22. A parallel-plate capacitor has plates of area 100 cm² separated by 2 mm of air. What is its capacitance?
- (A) 88.5 pF
- (B) 22.1 pF
- (C) 44.2 pF
- (D) 66.4 pF
Show Answer
Answer: C – C = ε0A/d = (8.85×10-12)(100×10-4)/(2×10-3) = 44.2 pF.
Q23. An air-filled capacitor has capacitance 60 pF. It is completely filled with a dielectric of dielectric constant 5 while its geometry is unchanged. What is the new capacitance?
- (A) 600 pF
- (B) 300 pF
- (C) 150 pF
- (D) 450 pF
Show Answer
Answer: B – C = κC0 = (5)(60 pF) = 300 pF.
Q24. A capacitor of capacitance 4 μF is charged to 200 V. How much energy is stored in the capacitor?
- (A) 160 mJ
- (B) 40 mJ
- (C) 120 mJ
- (D) 80 mJ
Show Answer
Answer: D – U = (1/2)CV² = (1/2)(4×10-6)(200)² = 80 mJ.
Q25. Capacitors of 8 μF and 4 μF are connected in series. What is their equivalent capacitance?
- (A) 5.33 μF
- (B) 1.33 μF
- (C) 2.67 μF
- (D) 4 μF
Show Answer
Answer: C – 1/Ceq = 1/8 + 1/4, so Ceq = 8×4/(8 + 4) = 2.67 μF.
Q26. Capacitors of 4 μF, 4 μF and 2 μF are connected in parallel. What is their equivalent capacitance?
- (A) 20 μF
- (B) 10 μF
- (C) 5 μF
- (D) 15 μF
Show Answer
Answer: B – For a parallel combination, Ceq = C1 + C2 + C3 = 10 μF.
Q27. A capacitor of capacitance 6 μF is connected across a 20 V battery. What charge is stored on each plate?
- (A) 240 μC
- (B) 60 μC
- (C) 180 μC
- (D) 120 μC
Show Answer
Answer: D – Q = CV = (6 μF)(20 V) = 120 μC.
Q28. A parallel-plate capacitor has a potential difference of 500 V across plates separated by 4 mm. What is the magnitude of the uniform electric field between the plates, ignoring edge effects?
- (A) 250 kV/m
- (B) 62.5 kV/m
- (C) 125 kV/m
- (D) 188 kV/m
Show Answer
Answer: C – E = V/d = (500)/(4×10-3) = 125 kV/m.
Q29. A spherical capacitor consists of concentric conducting spheres of radii 0.08 m and 0.12 m. What is its capacitance?
- (A) 26.7 pF
- (B) 53.4 pF
- (C) 13.3 pF
- (D) 40 pF
Show Answer
Answer: A – C = 4πε0ab/(b – a) = (4π×8.85×10-12)(0.08)(0.12)/(0.12 – 0.08) = 26.7 pF.
Unit 11: Electric Circuits
Q30. A resistor of 8 Ω is connected across a 9 V battery of negligible internal resistance. What is the current through the resistor?
- (A) 2.25 A
- (B) 0.562 A
- (C) 1.69 A
- (D) 1.12 A
Show Answer
Answer: D – I = V/R = 9/8 = 1.12 A.
Q31. Resistors of 3 Ω, 6 Ω and 5 Ω are connected in series across a 12 V battery. What is the current in the circuit?
- (A) 1.71 A
- (B) 0.429 A
- (C) 1.29 A
- (D) 0.857 A
Show Answer
Answer: D – Req = 3 + 6 + 5 = 14 Ω, so I = V/Req = 12/14 = 0.857 A.
Q32. Resistors of 6 Ω and 4 Ω are connected in parallel. What is their equivalent resistance?
- (A) 4.8 Ω
- (B) 1.2 Ω
- (C) 3.6 Ω
- (D) 2.4 Ω
Show Answer
Answer: D – 1/Req = 1/6 + 1/4, so Req = 6×4/(6 + 4) = 2.4 Ω.
Q33. A 6 Ω resistor is connected across a 20 V supply. At what rate is electrical energy converted to heat in the resistor?
- (A) 133 W
- (B) 33.3 W
- (C) 66.7 W
- (D) 100 W
Show Answer
Answer: C – P = V²/R = (20)²/6 = 66.7 W.
Q34. In a single loop, two batteries of emf 18 V and 9 V oppose each other, and the total resistance in the loop is 9 Ω. What is the current in the loop?
- (A) 2 A
- (B) 0.5 A
- (C) 1 A
- (D) 1.5 A
Show Answer
Answer: C – Applying Kirchhoff’s loop rule, (18 – 9) = I(9), so I = 9/9 = 1 A, in the direction of the larger emf.
Q35. A battery of emf 15 V and internal resistance 2 Ω is connected to an external resistor of 17 Ω. What is the terminal voltage of the battery?
- (A) 26.8 V
- (B) 13.4 V
- (C) 6.71 V
- (D) 20.1 V
Show Answer
Answer: B – I = E/(R + r) = 15/(17 + 2) A, so V = E – Ir = 13.4 V.
Q36. A resistor of 20 kΩ and a capacitor of 20 μF are connected in series. What is the time constant of this RC circuit?
- (A) 400 ms
- (B) 800 ms
- (C) 200 ms
- (D) 600 ms
Show Answer
Answer: A – τ = RC = (20×103 Ω)(20×10-6 F) = 400 ms.
Q37. An uncharged capacitor is connected in series with a 2 kΩ resistor across a 15 V battery. The time constant is τ. What is the current in the circuit at time t = 1τ after the connection is made?
- (A) 2.76 mA
- (B) 5.52 mA
- (C) 1.38 mA
- (D) 4.14 mA
Show Answer
Answer: A – Solving the RC differential equation gives I(t) = (V/R)e-t/τ. Here V/R = 7.5 mA, so at t = 1τ, I = 7.5e-1 = 2.76 mA.
Q38. A capacitor charged to 12 V is discharged through a resistor. The time constant of the circuit is τ. What is the voltage across the capacitor at time t = 2τ after discharging begins?
- (A) 3.25 V
- (B) 1.62 V
- (C) 0.812 V
- (D) 2.44 V
Show Answer
Answer: B – From dV/dt = -V/τ, V(t) = V0e-t/τ = (12)e-2 = 1.62 V.
Q39. A wire of length 3 m and cross-sectional area 2 mm² is made of a material of resistivity 0.8×10-6 Ω·m. What is the resistance of the wire?
- (A) 2.4 Ω
- (B) 1.2 Ω
- (C) 0.6 Ω
- (D) 1.8 Ω
Show Answer
Answer: B – R = ρL/A = (0.8×10-6)(3)/(2×10-6) = 1.2 Ω.
Q40. A total current of 3 A splits between two parallel branches of resistance 2 Ω and 3 Ω. What is the current through the 2 Ω branch?
- (A) 3.6 A
- (B) 0.9 A
- (C) 1.8 A
- (D) 2.7 A
Show Answer
Answer: C – Both branches have the same voltage, so I1 = ItotalR2/(R1 + R2) = (3)(3)/(2 + 3) = 1.8 A.
Q41. A current of 5 A flows through a 5 Ω resistor for 120 s. How much electrical energy is converted to heat in the resistor during this time?
- (A) 15 kJ
- (B) 30 kJ
- (C) 7.5 kJ
- (D) 22.5 kJ
Show Answer
Answer: A – E = I²Rt = (5)²(5)(120) = 15 kJ.
Unit 12: Magnetic Fields and Electromagnetism
Q42. An electron moves at 2×106 m/s perpendicular to a uniform magnetic field of 0.01 T. What is the magnitude of the magnetic force on the electron?
- (A) 6.4 ×10-15 N
- (B) 1.6 ×10-15 N
- (C) 4.8 ×10-15 N
- (D) 3.2 ×10-15 N
Show Answer
Answer: D – F = qvB sinθ = (1.60×10-19)(2×106)(0.01) = 3.2×10-15 N.
Q43. A straight wire of length 1 m carries a current of 3 A perpendicular to a uniform magnetic field of 0.2 T. What is the magnitude of the magnetic force on the wire?
- (A) 1.2 N
- (B) 0.3 N
- (C) 0.9 N
- (D) 0.6 N
Show Answer
Answer: D – F = ILB sinθ = (3)(1)(0.2) = 0.6 N.
Q44. A long straight wire carries a current of 12 A. What is the magnitude of the magnetic field at a distance of 0.08 m from the wire?
- (A) 30 μT
- (B) 60 μT
- (C) 15 μT
- (D) 45 μT
Show Answer
Answer: A – B = μ0I/(2πr) = (2×10-7)(12)/(0.08) = 30 μT.
Q45. A circular loop of radius 0.05 m carries a current of 8 A. What is the magnitude of the magnetic field at the centre of the loop?
- (A) 201 μT
- (B) 50.3 μT
- (C) 101 μT
- (D) 151 μT
Show Answer
Answer: C – B = μ0I/(2R) = (4π×10-7)(8)/(2×0.05) = 101 μT.
Q46. A solenoid has 800 turns per metre and carries a current of 3 A. What is the magnitude of the magnetic field inside the solenoid, far from its ends?
- (A) 6.03 mT
- (B) 1.51 mT
- (C) 4.52 mT
- (D) 3.02 mT
Show Answer
Answer: D – B = μ0nI = (4π×10-7)(800)(3) = 3.02 mT.
Q47. A proton moves at 5×104 m/s perpendicular to a uniform magnetic field of 0.02 T. What is the radius of its circular path?
- (A) 2.61 cm
- (B) 5.22 cm
- (C) 1.3 cm
- (D) 3.91 cm
Show Answer
Answer: A – qvB = mv²/r, so r = mv/(qB) = (1.67×10-27)(5×104)/((1.60×10-19)(0.02)) = 2.61 cm.
Q48. A rectangular coil of 20 turns, of sides 0.1 m by 0.1 m, carries a current of 2 A in a uniform magnetic field of 0.3 T. When the angle between the coil’s normal and the field is 90°, what is the magnitude of the torque on the coil?
- (A) 240 mN·m
- (B) 60 mN·m
- (C) 120 mN·m
- (D) 180 mN·m
Show Answer
Answer: C – τ = NIAB sinθ = (20)(2)(0.1×0.1)(0.3) sin 90° = 120 mN·m.
Q49. Two long parallel wires carry currents of 6 A and 4 A in the same direction and are 0.2 m apart. What is the magnitude of the magnetic force per unit length between the wires?
- (A) 0.024 mN/m
- (B) 0.048 mN/m
- (C) 0.012 mN/m
- (D) 0.036 mN/m
Show Answer
Answer: A – F/L = μ0I1I2/(2πd) = (2×10-7)(6)(4)/(0.2) = 0.024 mN/m. The wires attract each other.
Q50. A long straight cylindrical wire of radius 0.05 m carries a uniformly distributed current of 8 A. What is the magnitude of the magnetic field at a distance of 0.02 m from the wire’s axis, inside the wire?
- (A) 25.6 μT
- (B) 6.4 μT
- (C) 12.8 μT
- (D) 19.2 μT
Show Answer
Answer: C – By Ampere’s law inside the wire, B = μ0Ir/(2πR²) = (2×10-7)(8)(0.02)/(0.05)² = 12.8 μT.
Unit 13: Electromagnetic Induction
Q51. A flat loop of area 100 cm² is placed in a uniform magnetic field of 0.15 T. The angle between the field and the normal to the loop is 60°. What is the magnetic flux through the loop?
- (A) 1.5 mWb
- (B) 0.75 mWb
- (C) 0.375 mWb
- (D) 1.13 mWb
Show Answer
Answer: B – Φ = BA cosθ = (0.15)(100×10-4) cos 60° = 0.75 mWb.
Q52. A coil of 20 turns and area 200 cm² is placed with its plane perpendicular to a magnetic field. The field strength increases uniformly at 0.5 T/s. What is the magnitude of the induced emf in the coil?
- (A) 400 mV
- (B) 100 mV
- (C) 300 mV
- (D) 200 mV
Show Answer
Answer: D – ε = -N dΦ/dt = NA(dB/dt) = (20)(200×10-4)(0.5) = 200 mV in magnitude.
Q53. A conducting rod of length 1 m moves at 10 m/s perpendicular to its length and perpendicular to a uniform magnetic field of 0.5 T. What is the magnitude of the motional emf between the ends of the rod?
- (A) 10 V
- (B) 5 V
- (C) 2.5 V
- (D) 7.5 V
Show Answer
Answer: B – ε = BLv = (0.5)(1)(10) = 5 V.
Q54. A coil with 5 turns, area 400 cm² and resistance 40 Ω lies perpendicular to a magnetic field that changes at 2 T/s. What is the magnitude of the induced current in the coil?
- (A) 10 mA
- (B) 20 mA
- (C) 5 mA
- (D) 15 mA
Show Answer
Answer: A – ε = N A(dB/dt) = (5)(400×10-4)(2) V, so I = ε/R = 10 mA. By Lenz’s law its direction opposes the change in flux.
Q55. An inductor of inductance 50 mH carries a current that changes at a rate of 25 A/s. What is the magnitude of the induced emf across the inductor?
- (A) 2.5 V
- (B) 1.25 V
- (C) 0.625 V
- (D) 1.88 V
Show Answer
Answer: B – ε = L|dI/dt| = (50×10-3)(25) = 1.25 V, opposing the change in current.
Q56. An inductor of inductance 20 mH carries a steady current of 2 A. How much energy is stored in its magnetic field?
- (A) 40 mJ
- (B) 80 mJ
- (C) 20 mJ
- (D) 60 mJ
Show Answer
Answer: A – U = (1/2)LI² = (1/2)(20×10-3)(2)² = 40 mJ.
Q57. An inductor of inductance 100 mH is connected in series with a resistor of 20 Ω. What is the time constant of this LR circuit?
- (A) 10 ms
- (B) 5 ms
- (C) 2.5 ms
- (D) 7.5 ms
Show Answer
Answer: B – τ = L/R = (100×10-3)/(20) = 5 ms.
Q58. A series LR circuit with a 6 V battery and a resistor of 5 Ω is switched on at t = 0 with zero initial current. The time constant is τ. What is the current at t = 2τ?
- (A) 2.08 A
- (B) 0.519 A
- (C) 1.04 A
- (D) 1.56 A
Show Answer
Answer: C – Solving L(dI/dt) + RI = V gives I(t) = (V/R)(1 – e-t/τ). With V/R = 1.2 A, at t = 2τ, I = 1.04 A.
Q59. An LC circuit consists of an inductor of 10 mH and a capacitor of 5 μF. What is the frequency of oscillation of the circuit?
- (A) 1.42 kHz
- (B) 0.712 kHz
- (C) 0.356 kHz
- (D) 1.07 kHz
Show Answer
Answer: B – f = 1/(2π√(LC)) = 1/(2π√[(10×10-3)(5×10-6)]) = 0.712 kHz.
Q60. An LC circuit has inductance 5 mH and capacitance 4 μF. What is the angular frequency of its charge oscillations?
- (A) 14.1 krad/s
- (B) 3.54 krad/s
- (C) 10.6 krad/s
- (D) 7.07 krad/s
Show Answer
Answer: D – ω = 1/√(LC) = 1/√[(5×10-3)(4×10-6)] = 7.07 krad/s.
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