41. The process of converting a carboxylic acid to an ester is known as:

a) Esterification
b) Hydrolysis
c) Oxidation
d) Reduction
Answer: a) Esterification

42. The compound with the formula C₂H₄O₂ is:

a) Ethanol
b) Acetic acid
c) Acetone
d) Methanol
Answer: b) Acetic acid

43. The IUPAC name for CH₃-CH₂-COOH is:

a) Propanol
b) Propanoic acid
c) Ethanoic acid
d) Butanoic acid
Answer: b) Propanoic acid

44. The type of isomerism exhibited by compounds with the same molecular formula but different connectivity of atoms is:

a) Structural isomerism
b) Geometric isomerism
c) Optical isomerism
d) Resonance
Answer: a) Structural isomerism

45. Which functional group is present in aldehydes?

a) -OH
b) -COOH
c) -CHO
d) -COO-
Answer: c) -CHO

46. The process of adding a halogen to an alkene to form a dihaloalkane is known as:

a) Halogenation
b) Hydrogenation
c) Hydration
d) Dehydration
Answer: a) Halogenation

47. In a Fischer projection, which direction is the carbon chain oriented?

a) Horizontal
b) Vertical
c) Diagonal
d) Circular
Answer: b) Vertical

48. Which of the following is an example of a secondary alcohol?

a) 1-Butanol
b) 2-Butanol
c) Methanol
d) Ethanol
Answer: b) 2-Butanol

49. The general formula for alkenes is:

a) CnH2nC_nH_{2n}Cn​H2n​
b) CnH2n+2C_nH_{2n+2}Cn​H2n+2​
c) CnH2n−2C_nH_{2n-2}Cn​H2n−2​
d) CnH2n+1C_nH_{2n+1}Cn​H2n+1​
Answer: a) CnH2nC_nH_{2n}Cn​H2n​

50. Which of the following is a property of carboxylic acids?

a) They are weak acids
b) They are basic in nature
c) They form esters with alcohols
d) They contain a ketone group
Answer: c) They form esters with alcohols