Unit 16: Chemical Industries

What are Chemical Industries?

Chemical Industries encompass the sector involved in the production, processing, and commercialization of chemicals and chemical products. This unit provides an overview of how chemical industries operate, including the manufacturing processes, types of chemicals produced, and their applications in various fields. Students will explore the role of chemical industries in everyday life, their economic impact, and environmental considerations.

Key Topics in Chemical Industries:

• Types of Chemical Industries: Understanding different types of chemical industries, including basic chemicals, specialty chemicals, and consumer products.
• Manufacturing Processes: Learning about the various processes used in chemical manufacturing, such as synthesis, polymerization, and refining.
• Applications of Chemicals: Exploring how chemicals are used in industries like pharmaceuticals, agriculture, textiles, and energy.
• Economic Impact: Examining the role of chemical industries in the global economy, including job creation, innovation, and trade.
• Environmental and Safety Considerations: Studying the environmental impact of chemical production, including waste management, pollution control, and safety regulations.

Benefits of Studying Chemical Industries:

• Industry Insight: Provides a comprehensive understanding of how chemical industries operate and their importance in modern society.
• Career Opportunities: Offers insights into potential career paths within the chemical industry, including research, manufacturing, and quality control.
• Sustainability Awareness: Raises awareness about the environmental and safety challenges faced by chemical industries and the importance of sustainable practices.

This unit is essential for students to understand the scope and significance of chemical industries in the global market and their impact on everyday life. Mastering this knowledge is crucial for those interested in careers in chemistry, industrial processes, and environmental management.

1. Concentration is a

a. mixing technique
b. separating technique
c. boiling technique
d. cooling technique

2. Froth flotation process is used to concentrate the ore on

a. density basis
b. concentration basis
c. wetting basis
d. magnetic basis

3. Matte is a mixture of

a. FeS and CuS
b. Cu2O and FeO
c. Cu2S and FeS
d. Cu2S and FeO

4 In the bessemerization process

a. roasted ore is heated
b. molten matte is removed
c. molten matte is heated
d. molten matte is added

5. Concentration of the copper ore is carried out by

a. calcinations
b. roasting
c. forth flotation
d. distillation

6. When CO2 is passed through the ammonical brine the only salt that precipitates is

a. NaHCO3
b. NH4HCO3
c. Na2CO3
d. (NH4)2CO3

7. In Solvay,s process slaked lime is used to

a. prepare CO2
b. prepare quick lime
c. recover ammonia
d. form Na2Co3

8. When NaHCO3 is heated it forms

a. CO2
b. Ca(OH)2
c. CaCO3
d. CaO

9. Formula of urea is

a. NH2COONH4
b. NH2COONH2
c. NH2CONH4
d. NH2CONH2

10. Crude oil is heated in the furnace upto

a. 300⁰C
b. 400⁰C
c. 500⁰C
d. 450⁰C

11. When heated crude oil is fed to the fractionating tower

a. vapours of higher boiling point fraction condense first in the lower part of the tower
b. vapours of lower boiling point fraction condense first in the lower part of the tower
c. vapours of higher boiling point fraction condense later in the lower part of the tower
d. vapours of higher boiling point never condense.

12. Which one of the following is used as jet fuel

a. kerosene oil
b. lubricating oil
c. fuel oil
d. diesel oil

13. Which one of the following is not fraction of crude oil

a. paraffin wax
b. asphalt
c. fuel oil
d. petroleum coke

14. Which one of the following is not a fraction of petroleum

a. kerosene oil
b. diesel oil
c. alcohol
d. petrol

15. The nitrogen present in urea is used by plants to synthesize

a. sugar
b. proteins
c. fats
d. DNA

16. Which one of the following organic compounds is found in gasoline?

a. C₂H₄
b. C₃H₈
c. C₈H₁₈
d. C₁₂H₂₆