Unit 13: Biochemistry

What is Biochemistry?

Biochemistry is the study of the chemical processes and substances that occur within living organisms. This unit bridges the gap between biology and chemistry, providing students with an understanding of how complex biological molecules contribute to the structure and function of cells and organisms. Biochemistry explores the molecular basis of life, including enzymes, nucleic acids, proteins, and carbohydrates.

Key Topics in Biochemistry:

• Biomolecules: Understanding the structure and function of key biomolecules, including proteins, nucleic acids (DNA and RNA), carbohydrates, and lipids.
• Enzymes: Learning about the role of enzymes as biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in the body.
• Metabolism: Exploring metabolic pathways, including glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation, which are essential for energy production.
• Genetic Information: Studying how genetic information is stored, replicated, and expressed through processes like DNA replication, transcription, and translation.
• Biochemical Techniques: An introduction to techniques used in biochemistry, such as chromatography, electrophoresis, and spectrophotometry, to analyze biomolecules.

Benefits of Studying Biochemistry:

• Foundation for Life Sciences: Provides essential knowledge for further studies in medicine, biotechnology, pharmacology, and other life sciences.
• Understanding Health and Disease: Enhances understanding of how biochemical processes are linked to health, nutrition, and disease.
• Research and Innovation: Equips students with the knowledge to engage in cutting-edge research and contribute to advancements in medical and biological sciences.

This unit is critical for students to understand the chemical foundations of life and the intricate processes that sustain it. Mastering Biochemistry is key to success in advanced studies in both Chemistry and Biology, as well as in various professional fields.

1. Carbohydrates are synthesized by plants through photosynthesis process which requires the following except

a. CO2 and water
b. presence of sunlight
c. O2
d. chlorophyll

2. Which of the following is a disaccharide

a. glucose
b. fructose
c. sucrose
d. starch

3. Photosynthesis process produces

a. starch
b. cellulose
c. sucrose
d. glucose

4. Which one of the following is tasteless

a. starch
b. glucose
c. fructose
d. sucrose

5. When glucose and fructose combine they produce

a. starch
b. cellulose
c. sucrose
d. none

6. Glucose is

a. hexahydroxy aldehyde
b. hexahydroxy ketone
c. pentahydroxy aldehyde
d. pentahydroxy ketone

7. Thousands of amino acid polymerize to form

a. carbohydrates
b. proteins
c. lipids
d. vitamins

8. Which one of followings is a triglyceride?

a. carbohydrates
b. proteins
c. lipids
d. vitamins

9. Enzymes are proteins which one of the following properties they donot have ?

a. they catalyze reaction
b. they are highly non specific
c. they are highly efficient
d. they are produced by living cells

10. Which one of the following vitamins is water soluble?

a. vitamin A
b. Vitamin C
c. Vitamin D
d. Vitamin E

11. Which one of the following is a fat soluble vitamin?

a. A
b. K
c. E
d. all

12 Which one of the following is not the characteristic of monosaccharide?

a. white crystalline solids
b. soluble in water
c. hydrolysable
d. reducing in nature

13. Which of the following statements about glucose and sucrose is incorrect?

a. soluble in water
b. naturally occuring
c. carbohydrates
d. disaccharides

14. Which one of the following is a reducing sugar

a. glucose
b. maltose
c. sucrose
d. starch

15. The most important oligosaccharide is

a. sucrose
b. glucose
c. fructose
d. maltose

16. Night blindness is because of deficiency of

a. vitamin A
b. Vitamin E
c. vitamin C
d. vitamin D

17. organic compounds used as drugs to control bleeding are

a. vitamins
b. proteins
c. lipids
d. glycerides

18. Deficiency of vitamin E causes

a. rickets
b. scurvy
c. anemia in babies
d. night blindness

19. Lipids are macromolecules.They hace characteristics except one of the following

a. they are high energy foods
b. They are soluble in water
c. they are poor conductor of heat
d. they are esters of fatty acids

20. Vitamins are accessory growth factors. They play important role in our body like

a. provide energy to our body
b. insulate our body from electric shock
c. build brain cells
d. regulate metabolic process