Unit 11: Organic Chemistry

What is Organic Chemistry?

Organic Chemistry is a branch of Chemistry that focuses on the study of carbon-containing compounds, which form the basis of life. This unit introduces students to the diverse world of organic compounds, their structures, properties, and reactions. Students will explore hydrocarbons, functional groups, and the principles of naming and classifying organic molecules.

Key Topics in Organic Chemistry:

• Introduction to Hydrocarbons: Understanding the simplest organic compounds, including alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes, and their unique properties.
• Functional Groups: Learning about different functional groups like alcohols, carboxylic acids, and amines, which determine the reactivity and properties of organic molecules.
• Isomerism: Exploring structural and stereoisomerism, where compounds have the same molecular formula but different arrangements of atoms.
• Nomenclature: Gaining proficiency in the IUPAC system for naming organic compounds based on their structure and functional groups.
• Organic Reactions: Studying common organic reactions such as substitution, addition, and elimination, and their mechanisms.

Benefits of Studying Organic Chemistry:

• Foundation for Advanced Studies: Builds essential knowledge for further studies in Chemistry, Biology, Medicine, and related fields.
• Critical Thinking: Enhances problem-solving skills through the understanding of complex organic reactions and mechanisms.
• Real-World Applications: Provides insights into the role of organic chemistry in pharmaceuticals, agriculture, and industrial processes.

This unit is crucial for students to understand the principles that govern the behavior of organic compounds, preparing them for more advanced topics and practical applications in various scientific fields.

1. Ability of carbon atoms to form chains is called

a. isomerism
b. catenation
c. resonance
d. condensation

2. Coal having 90% carbon contents is called

a. peat
b. lignite
c. anthracite
d. methane

3. Main component of natural gas is

a. methane
b. propane
c. butane
d. propene

4. The strong heating of coal in retorts in the absence of air is called

a. fractional distillation
b. sublimation
c. roasting
d. destructive distillation

5. Pitch is a black residue of

a. coke
b. coal tar
c. coal
d. coal gas

6. Natural gas is 85% methane.It is used to make

a. carbon black
b. coal
c. coal tar
d. coal gas

7. Which one of the following does not contain starch

a. sugar cane
b. maize
c. barley
d. potatoes

8. Petroleum is refined by

a. destructive distillation
b. fractional distillation
c. simple distillation
d. dry distillation

9. In laboratory urea was prepared by

a. Wholer
b. Rutherford
c. Berzellius
d. Dalton

10. General formula of alkyl radical is

a. C_nH_2n+2
b. C_nH_2n-2
c. C_nH_2n
d. C_2nH_2n+2

11. Identify which one of the following compounds is a ketone

a. (CH3)2CHOH
b. (CH3)2CO
c. (CH3)2NH
d. (CH3)2CHCl

12. The functional group -COOH is found in

a. carboxylic acid
b. aldehydes
c. alcohols
d. esters

13. Which one of the following statments is not true about fossil fuels?

a. they all contain carbon
b. they are renewable
c. they produce pollutants when burnt
d. they cause acid rain

14. Which one of following is the hardest coal

a. peat
b. lignite
c. bituminous
d. anthracite

15. In which of the following groups , oxygen is attached on both sides with carbon atoms?

a. ketone
b. ether
c. aldehyde
d. ester

16. Carbonization process is the conversion of

a. coal into coal gas
b. coal into wood
c. wood into coal
d. wood into coal tar

17. Coal gas is a mixture of

a. CO and CH4
b. CO and CH4 and CO2
c. CO and CH4 and H2
d. CO and CH4 and N2

18. Which one of the following is a synthetic fibre?

a. cotton
b. wool
c. nylon
d. silk

19. Which one of the following is not a fossil fuel?

a. coal
b. natural gas
c. biogas
d. petroleum

20. Which one of the following does not contain protein

a. pulses
b. potatoes
c. beans
d. eggs

21. Conversion of dead plants into coal by the action of bacteria and heat is called

a. carbonization
b. catenation
c. hydrogenation
d. cracking

22. Which one of the following compound is an aldehyde

a. CH3CH2OH
b. CH3COOH
c. CH3CHO
d. CH3COCH3

23. Formula of acetaldehyde is

a. CH3CH2OH
b. CH3COOH
c. CH3CHO
d. HCOH