11. The general formula for alcohols is:
a) CnH2nC_nH_{2n}CnH2n
b) CnH2n+2C_nH_{2n+2}CnH2n+2
c) CnH2n+1OHC_nH_{2n+1}OHCnH2n+1OH
d) CnH2n−2C_nH_{2n-2}CnH2n−2
Answer: c) CnH2n+1OHC_nH_{2n+1}OHCnH2n+1OH
12. Which of the following is an example of a primary alcohol?
a) 2-Butanol
b) 1-Butanol
c) 2-Methylpropanol
d) Cyclohexanol
Answer: b) 1-Butanol
13. The process of converting an alcohol to a ketone involves:
a) Oxidation
b) Reduction
c) Esterification
d) Hydrolysis
Answer: a) Oxidation
14. Which reagent is used to test for the presence of phenol?
a) Bromine water
b) Sodium hydroxide
c) Potassium permanganate
d) Hydrochloric acid
Answer: a) Bromine water
15. The reaction of alcohols with carboxylic acids to form esters is known as:
a) Esterification
b) Hydrolysis
c) Saponification
d) Oxidation
Answer: a) Esterification
16. In the preparation of ethers by the Williamson synthesis, the reactants include:
a) Alcohol and alkyl halide
b) Alcohol and carboxylic acid
c) Ether and acid chloride
d) Alcohol and ester
Answer: a) Alcohol and alkyl halide
17. Which of the following is a characteristic property of phenols?
a) Formation of esters with alcohols
b) Formation of phenoxide ions with sodium hydroxide
c) Formation of ketones with oxidizing agents
d) Reaction with carboxylic acids to form esters
Answer: b) Formation of phenoxide ions with sodium hydroxide
18. The product formed when phenol reacts with concentrated sulfuric acid is:
a) Phenol sulfate
b) Sulfonic acid
c) Phenol sulfonic acid
d) Sulfur dioxide
Answer: c) Phenol sulfonic acid
19. Which type of alcohol is generally most reactive towards oxidation?
a) Tertiary alcohol
b) Secondary alcohol
c) Primary alcohol
d) None of the above
Answer: c) Primary alcohol
20. The dehydration of alcohols to form alkenes typically requires:
a) Acidic catalyst
b) Basic catalyst
c) Neutral catalyst
d) Heat alone
Answer: a) Acidic catalyst
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