Salt analysis, also known as qualitative inorganic analysis, is a systematic method used to identify the cations and anions in an inorganic salt. This process involves preliminary tests, dry tests, and wet tests to determine the composition of unknown compounds. It plays a crucial role in chemistry labs, helping students and researchers analyze various salts efficiently.
Preliminary Tests
Which gas is evolved when a carbonate salt reacts with dilute HCl? a) H₂ b) CO₂ c) Cl₂ d) O₂ Answer: b) CO₂
What is the color of the precipitate formed when lead salt reacts with potassium iodide? a) White b) Yellow c) Black d) Green Answer: b) Yellow
Which reagent is used to test for the presence of sulfate ions? a) BaCl₂ b) AgNO₃ c) NaOH d) NH₄OH Answer: a) BaCl₂
What is the color of the precipitate formed when silver nitrate reacts with chloride ions? a) White b) Yellow c) Black d) Green Answer: a) White
Which gas is evolved when a sulfide salt reacts with dilute HCl? a) H₂S b) SO₂ c) CO₂ d) NH₃ Answer: a) H₂S
Group Analysis of Cations
Which group of cations forms precipitates with dilute HCl? a) Group I b) Group II c) Group III d) Group IV Answer: a) Group I
Which cation is confirmed by the formation of a white precipitate with ammonium oxalate? a) Ca²⁺ b) Ba²⁺ c) Pb²⁺ d) Cu²⁺ Answer: a) Ca²⁺
What is the color of the precipitate formed when Fe³⁺ reacts with potassium ferrocyanide? a) Blue b) Green c) Red d) Yellow Answer: a) Blue
Which cation forms a black precipitate with H₂S in acidic medium? a) Pb²⁺ b) Cu²⁺ c) Hg²⁺ d) Cd²⁺ Answer: b) Cu²⁺
Which reagent is used to confirm the presence of Zn²⁺ ions? a) NaOH b) K₄[Fe(CN)₆] c) NH₄OH d) H₂S Answer: b) K₄[Fe(CN)₆]
Group Analysis of Anions
Which anion is confirmed by the formation of a yellow precipitate with BaCl₂? a) SO₄²⁻ b) CO₃²⁻ c) CrO₄²⁻ d) PO₄³⁻ Answer: c) CrO₄²⁻
Which gas is evolved when a nitrate salt is heated with conc. H₂SO₄ and copper turnings? a) NO₂ b) N₂ c) O₂ d) NH₃ Answer: a) NO₂
Which anion forms a white precipitate with AgNO₃ that is soluble in NH₄OH? a) Cl⁻ b) Br⁻ c) I⁻ d) SO₄²⁻ Answer: a) Cl⁻
Which anion is confirmed by the formation of a brown ring in the ring test? a) NO₃⁻ b) NO₂⁻ c) SO₄²⁻ d) CO₃²⁻ Answer: a) NO₃⁻
Which anion forms a yellow precipitate with lead acetate? a) SO₄²⁻ b) CrO₄²⁻ c) PO₄³⁻ d) Cl⁻ Answer: b) CrO₄²⁻
Confirmatory Tests
What is the confirmatory test for ammonium ion (NH₄⁺)? a) Nessler’s reagent b) Lime water test c) Brown ring test d) Flame test Answer: a) Nessler’s reagent
Which cation is confirmed by the formation of a deep blue solution with ammonia? a) Cu²⁺ b) Fe³⁺ c) Zn²⁺ d) Al³⁺ Answer: a) Cu²⁺
What is the confirmatory test for Fe³⁺ ions? a) Potassium ferrocyanide b) Potassium ferricyanide c) Ammonium thiocyanate d) All of the above Answer: d) All of the above
Which cation forms a red precipitate with dimethylglyoxime? a) Ni²⁺ b) Co²⁺ c) Mn²⁺ d) Zn²⁺ Answer: a) Ni²⁺
What is the confirmatory test for Al³⁺ ions? a) Blue lake test b) White precipitate with NaOH c) Red flame test d) None of the above Answer: a) Blue lake test
Mixed Questions
Which gas is evolved when a nitrite salt reacts with dilute HCl? a) NO b) NO₂ c) N₂ d) NH₃ Answer: a) NO
What is the color of the flame test for sodium ions? a) Yellow b) Violet c) Crimson d) Green Answer: a) Yellow
Which cation forms a white gelatinous precipitate with NaOH? a) Al³⁺ b) Fe³⁺ c) Zn²⁺ d) Cu²⁺ Answer: a) Al³⁺
What is the color of the precipitate formed when AgNO₃ reacts with bromide ions? a) White b) Yellow c) Black d) Green Answer: b) Yellow
Which anion is confirmed by the formation of a white precipitate with BaCl₂ that is insoluble in HCl? a) SO₄²⁻ b) CO₃²⁻ c) PO₄³⁻ d) Cl⁻ Answer: a) SO₄²⁻
Flame Tests
Which cation gives a crimson red flame test? a) Sr²⁺ b) Ca²⁺ c) Ba²⁺ d) K⁺ Answer: a) Sr²⁺
What is the color of the flame test for potassium ions? a) Violet b) Yellow c) Crimson d) Green Answer: a) Violet
Which cation gives a green flame test? a) Ba²⁺ b) Cu²⁺ c) Pb²⁺ d) Zn²⁺ Answer: b) Cu²⁺
What is the color of the flame test for calcium ions? a) Brick red b) Violet c) Green d) Yellow Answer: a) Brick red
Which cation gives a blue flame test? a) Pb²⁺ b) Cu²⁺ c) Zn²⁺ d) None of the above Answer: d) None of the above
Which anion forms a white precipitate with AgNO₃ that is insoluble in HNO₃? a) Cl⁻ b) Br⁻ c) I⁻ d) All of the above Answer: d) All of the above
What is the color of the precipitate formed when Fe²⁺ reacts with potassium ferricyanide? a) Blue b) Green c) Red d) Yellow Answer: a) Blue
Which cation forms a black precipitate with H₂S in alkaline medium? a) Ni²⁺ b) Co²⁺ c) Mn²⁺ d) Zn²⁺ Answer: a) Ni²⁺
What is the confirmatory test for sulfate ions? a) Barium chloride test b) Silver nitrate test c) Lime water test d) None of the above Answer: a) Barium chloride test
Which anion forms a white precipitate with BaCl₂ that is soluble in HNO₃? a) SO₄²⁻ b) CO₃²⁻ c) PO₄³⁻ d) Cl⁻ Answer: b) CO₃²⁻
Which cation forms a white precipitate with NaOH that dissolves in excess NaOH? a) Al³⁺ b) Zn²⁺ c) Both a and b d) None of the above Answer: c) Both a and b
Which anion forms a white precipitate with AgNO₃ that turns black on exposure to light? a) Cl⁻ b) Br⁻ c) I⁻ d) All of the above Answer: a) Cl⁻
Which cation forms a white precipitate with H₂S in acidic medium? a) Pb²⁺ b) Cu²⁺ c) Hg²⁺ d) Cd²⁺ Answer: a) Pb²⁺
What is the color of the precipitate formed when Fe³⁺ reacts with ammonium thiocyanate? a) Red b) Blue c) Green d) Yellow Answer: a) Red
Which anion forms a white precipitate with BaCl₂ that is insoluble in HNO₃? a) SO₄²⁻ b) CO₃²⁻ c) PO₄³⁻ d) Cl⁻ Answer: a) SO₄²⁻
Flame Tests
Which cation gives a crimson red flame test? a) Sr²⁺ b) Ca²⁺ c) Ba²⁺ d) K⁺ Answer: a) Sr²⁺
What is the color of the flame test for potassium ions? a) Violet b) Yellow c) Crimson d) Green Answer: a) Violet
Which cation gives a green flame test? a) Ba²⁺ b) Cu²⁺ c) Pb²⁺ d) Zn²⁺ Answer: b) Cu²⁺
What is the color of the flame test for calcium ions? a) Brick red b) Violet c) Green d) Yellow Answer: a) Brick red
Which cation gives a blue flame test? a) Pb²⁺ b) Cu²⁺ c) Zn²⁺ d) None of the above Answer: d) None of the above
Which anion forms a white precipitate with AgNO₃ that is insoluble in HNO₃? a) Cl⁻ b) Br⁻ c) I⁻ d) All of the above Answer: d) All of the above
What is the color of the precipitate formed when Fe²⁺ reacts with potassium ferricyanide? a) Blue b) Green c) Red d) Yellow Answer: a) Blue
Which cation forms a black precipitate with H₂S in alkaline medium? a) Ni²⁺ b) Co²⁺ c) Mn²⁺ d) Zn²⁺ Answer: a) Ni²⁺
What is the confirmatory test for sulfate ions? a) Barium chloride test b) Silver nitrate test c) Lime water test d) None of the above Answer: a) Barium chloride test
Which anion forms a white precipitate with BaCl₂ that is soluble in HNO₃? a) SO₄²⁻ b) CO₃²⁻ c) PO₄³⁻ d) Cl⁻ Answer: b) CO₃²⁻