1. Which compound is most reactive toward nucleophilic addition?

1. Benzophenone
2. Acetone
3. Formaldehyde
4. Cyclohexanone

2. The reduced reactivity of ketones compared to aldehydes is due to:

1. Resonance stabilization
2. Steric hindrance and electron-donating alkyl groups
3. Higher electronegativity
4. Hydrogen bonding

3. The intermediate in nucleophilic addition to a carbonyl group is:

1. Carbocation
2. Tetrahedral alkoxide ion
3. Carbanion
4. Free radical

4. Acid catalysis in nucleophilic addition enhances reactivity by:

1. Protonating the carbonyl oxygen, making the carbon more electrophilic
2. Deprotonating the nucleophile
3. Stabilizing the intermediate
4. Increasing solvent polarity

5. Grignard reagents react with formaldehyde to produce:

1. Primary alcohol
2. Secondary alcohol
3. Tertiary alcohol
4. Ketone

6. The final product of a Grignard reagent reacting with a ketone is a:

1. Primary alcohol
2. Secondary alcohol
3. Tertiary alcohol
4. Carboxylic acid

7. The product of HCN addition to acetone is called:

1. Acetal
2. Cyanohydrin
3. Hydrate
4. Hemiacetal

8. Cyanohydrin formation is reversible under which conditions?

1. High temperature
2. Basic conditions
3. Neutral conditions
4. Freezing point

9. The hydration of formaldehyde produces:

1. Methanediol
2. Methanol
3. Formic acid
4. No reaction

10. Acid-catalyzed hydration of ketones typically forms:

1. Stable hydrates
2. Unstable hydrates that revert to ketones
3. Carboxylic acids
4. Esters