Lecture 2: Types of Assessment
Types of Assessment
There are various types of assessments utilized in educational settings, such as:
These assessments are categorized as:
Formative Assessment
Formative assessment involves a range of formal and informal assessment procedures employed by teachers during the learning process to modify teaching and learning activities for improving student attainment.
Key Points for Formative Assessment:
Summative Assessment
Summative assessment evaluates participants’ development at a specific time, focusing on the outcomes of the program, contrasting with formative assessment.
Key Points for Summative Assessment:
External and Internal Assessment
Internal Assessment: Conducted within the organization by departments and employees to assess policies and systems.
External Assessment: Conducted by external organizations or consultancy firms to provide an unbiased opinion on organizational procedures.
Focus: Internal systems vs. external agencies, e.g., house exams vs. board exams.
Process Assessment
Process assessment evaluates the processes taking place, including the factors involved. The key phrase here is ‘during any process,’ such as classroom proceedings.
Product Assessment
Product assessment evaluates the final product at the end of a process, emphasizing achievement with reference to specific goals, such as final grades.
Diagnostic Assessment
Diagnostic assessment identifies the weak areas of learners, particularly useful in language and mathematics learning, by diagnosing problem areas during the learning process.
Norm-Referenced Assessment
Norm-referenced assessment compares individuals based on score distributions, awarding classifications like the top 10% of the class. Although common, it may not provide accurate assessments of individual capabilities.
Criterion-Referenced Assessment
Criterion-referenced assessment evaluates performance based on set criteria rather than scores. It assesses how well a student has achieved the performance outcomes of a subject.
Example Criteria:
Norm-Referenced vs. Criterion-Referenced Assessment
Multiple Choice Questions
1. Which type of assessment is used to modify teaching and learning activities during the learning process?
Answer: B. Formative Assessment
2. What is the focus of summative assessment?
Answer: C. Assessing participants’ development at a particular time
3. Which assessment is conducted by external organizations to provide an unbiased opinion on procedures?
Answer: C. External Assessment
4. What does process assessment evaluate?
Answer: B. The process taking place and factors involved
5. Product assessment focuses on:
Answer: C. Achievement at the end of a process with reference to a goal
6. Diagnostic assessment is particularly useful in identifying weak areas in which fields?
Answer: C. Language and mathematics
7. Which type of assessment makes judgments based on score distributions?
Answer: B. Norm-Referenced Assessment
8. Criterion-referenced assessment evaluates performance based on:
Answer: C. Set criteria rather than scores
9. Which assessment is described as being closer to real-life situations?
Answer: D. Criterion-Referenced Assessment
10. Which type of assessment includes methods like midterm exams and final term exams?
Answer: D. Formative and Summative Assessments
11. What is the primary purpose of diagnostic assessment?
Answer: C. To diagnose weak areas of learners
12. Which assessment is carried out by departments within an organization?
Answer: B. Internal Assessment
13. What is the main difference between norm-referenced and criterion-referenced assessments?
Answer: A. Norm-referenced focuses on scores; criterion-referenced targets performance outcomes
14. What key points are used for formative assessment?
Answer: B. Conducted during the learning process, modifying teaching and learning, aimed at improvement
15. What aspect does process assessment focus on?
Answer: B. Classroom proceedings during any process
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